The bill of exchange is a written document according to the formal conditions set by the amended Commercial Law No. 17 of 1999, which regulates the transactions through it, and the bill of exchange includes an order from the drawer to the drawee to pay to the permission or order of a third person who is the beneficiary or the holder of the bill of exchange a certain amount upon sight or at a certain date . With regard to the date of presentation of the bill of exchange due for payment, Article 411 of the law states that the bill of exchange due for payment after the lapse of a certain period of sight must be submitted for acceptance within one year of its date, and the drawer may shorten or extend this date, and every endorser can shorten this date. As for the statute of limitations for claims arising from a bill of exchange, Article 465 of the Commercial Code stipulates that the lawsuits arising from the bill of exchange against its acceptor shall prescribe with the lapse of three years from the date of maturity. The bill of exchange included the condition of recourse without expenses, and the cases of the endorsers before each other and before the drawer predate the lapse of six months from the day on which the endorser paid the bill or from the day the lawsuit was instituted against him.

The promissory note according to the text of Article 468 of the New Commercial Law No. 17 of 1999 is a written document according to specific data in the text that includes an undertaking to pay a certain amount of money upon sight or at a specific or assignable time to the order of another person who is the beneficiary. It is a commercial paper Whereby a person called the editor undertakes to pay a sum of money on a specific date to the permission or order of another person, and it originally includes only two parties, the author and the beneficiary. The promissory note must contain a set of data such as the order condition or the phrase “promissory note” or any other phrase indicating this meaning written in the body of the bond in the language in which it was written, and an unconditional pledge to pay a certain amount of money and mention the maturity date and place of payment, then The name of the person to whom or to whose order the payment is to be made, the date and place in which the bond was created and the signature of the originator of the bond (the editor). The body of the bond itself, and then it is not required that the order clause be included next to the name of the beneficiary, as if it was said I pledge to pay according to this order bond to so-and-so. And about the limitation period? Cases filed against the issuer of the bond for an order prescribe a statute of limitations for three years from the date of maturity. As for the claims of the bearer against the endorsers, they prescribe by one year from the date of protest or from the date of maturity if the bond includes the condition of “recourse without protest.” The claims of recourse against each other by the endorsers over the other six months from the date of fulfillment. made by the endorser or from the date of fulfillment made by the endorser or from the date of filing the lawsuit against him.

Bankruptcy is a condition resulting from the merchant’s failure to pay his debts, which is called financial deficit, or the company declared bankruptcy for its loss, acknowledged its commercial failure and admitted his bankruptcy. judicial. Article 550/1 of the new Commercial Law states that “in case of bankruptcy, every merchant is considered obligated to keep commercial books if payment of his commercial debts is stopped due to disruption of his financial business.” For a state of bankruptcy to occur, the debtor is a merchant and has stopped paying his debts, with the necessity of coexisting with the status of the merchant with the cessation of debt payment. For the issuance of the bankruptcy judgment, two basic elements are required, namely the professionalization of trade and the cessation of payment. bankruptcy ruling: Article 552 Commercial permits a judgment declaring bankruptcy to be issued at the request of the same bankrupt debtor or one of his creditors or the Public Prosecution, or the court issues it on its own. The judgment results in the full effects of bankruptcy, as the debtor’s hand is lifted from managing his money to be taken over by the bankruptcy trustee, and the creditors join in one group, and they are forbidden to file a lawsuit and take unilateral measures on the debtor’s money. Then they look into the reconciliation with the bankrupt, or they turn to the state of the union, so the money of the bankrupt is sold and has The legislator noted the harshness of this system on the debtor, so he stipulated for its application that it be ruled by the competent court, so the bankruptcy ruling creates a new legal center for both the debtor and creditors, and by making it public, it becomes an argument against all people, just as bankruptcy is a regional system whose effect is limited to the debtor’s money existing within the state, so it is not permissible That the bankruptcy of the merchant is multiple at the same time in the number of countries in which his money is located.

What is meant by discord is the disagreement and the predominance of enmity between the spouses, so they are in hardship and rift, that is, there are permanent and continuous differences that reach the point of enmity between the two parties, and its origin is from the rift, which is the side. On them to the other and the exchange of affection and mercy. Article 6 of Law No. 25 of 1929, as amended by Law No. 100 of 1985, stipulates the provisions of divorce for harm and bad cohabitation in this way. If the wife claims that the husband has harmed her in such a way that it is not possible to continue the relationship between her likes, she may ask the judge to separate, and then The judge divorces her an irrevocable shot if the damage is proven and he is unable to reconcile them. On the spouses and children, and accordingly, the ruling on the separation legislation for discord can be summarized as follows:- Putting an end to the state of anxiety and turmoil experienced by the family, protecting children from growing up in an environment of anxiety and lack of understanding, the absence of the spouses staying together due to the continuation of the marital relationship, and protecting society in general from the impact of the continuation of the marital relationship that was dominated by discord and deep disagreement, giving an opportunity for the separated to build a life Other family on the grounds of compassion, affection and understanding.

The official contract is official papers that are edited by a specialized public official in accordance with the established conditions, and they are many and varied, including civil official papers such as those that prove contracts and civil actions, including public official papers such as administrative decisions, laws and treaties, including judicial official papers such as lawsuit petitions, minutes of minutes, minutes of sessions and judgments, which is Also papers that are issued by a person of an official capacity, i.e. an employee of the state or a person charged with a service. Article 10 of the Evidence Law states that the official contract is the documents in which a public official or a person charged with a public service proves what was done by him or what he received from stakeholders, in accordance with the legal conditions, and within the limits of his authority and competence. And the conditions to be met in the formal contract? That the document is issued by a public official or officer or a person charged with a public service, and the editor is edited within the limits of his authority and competence, and it is edited according to the forms specified by law.

Legitimate defense is the response to the illegal physical aggression issued by the aggressor against the body, soul or money of the aggressor.. It is also a general right that gives its owner the use of the necessary force to ward off every aggression against him, but the response to the attack must be within the limits of the damage, and it must not exceed The extent of necessity, and there should be no other means of responding to the assault other than the method used by the victim, and the assault is unlawful against the public authority men in the case of legal seizure. In the end, legitimate defense (or legitimate defense) is a right that a person uses to ward off an unjustified and unprovoked attack on himself, his money, the soul of others, or his money. Article 246 of the Egyptian Penal Code permits the use of the right of legitimate defense to pay everything that is considered a crime, and therefore the danger that may be faced with a defense is a crime punishable by law,[3] and therefore the danger resulting from the attempt to steal the victim may be repelled; Because this danger constitutes the crime of attempting to steal, kill or harm a person. Based on the foregoing and according to these data, there is no penalty in the case of self-defense.

The legal definition of the crime of indecent assault is that it represents an assault on the sexual freedom of the victim, just like the crime of rape, but it differs from it in view of the gravity of the act. It is achieved in most cases by compromising one of the private parts of the victim. The legislator stipulated two forms of the offense of indecent assault in Articles 268 and 269 of the Penal Code: The first form is the offense of indecent assault by force or threat; The second picture is the crime of indecent assault without force or threat. General provisions: The crime of indecent assault in its two forms rests on two pillars: a material pillar and a moral one The material element: It is achieved by the occurrence of any act by the offender that would prejudice the modesty of the victim in terms of his contact with the sexual aspect and extends to his body and his private parts. It is not required that the act leave an impact on the victim’s body. It is sufficient for the material element in the crime of indecent assault for the offender to reveal a part of the victim’s body, which is one of the private parts that he is keen to preserve and hide from view, even if this act is not accompanied by any indecent touching. The moral pillar: It is represented in the elements of criminal intent, which is that the offender’s intent is to commit the material elements of the offense of indecent assault, so the offender must know that his act violated the victim’s presentation, and the direction of his will to commit this act and to achieve the result, the intent is not available if the act of intimidation occurs out of modesty The victim accidentally, such as if a person touches the private parts of another person in a crowd without intending to touch, or if a person tears another person’s clothes during a quarrel, causing unintentionally to expose part of his body. The penalty for the crime: imprisonment with hard labor for a period of two years, according to the text of Article 268 of the Penal Code.

The legal definition of sexual rape is the intercourse of a man with a female against her will and without her consent. Article 267 of the Egyptian Penal Code stipulates that anyone who has intercourse with a female without her consent shall be punished with permanent or temporary hard labor. He shall be punished with life imprisonment with hard labor. And here penetration is considered to be the material element of rape, whether it is complete or partial, but without that from any external contact with the victim’s body, it is considered indecent assault. Signs of sexual rape:- The presence of traces of violence or resistance in the body of the victim or the accused, or both, rupture of the hymen if the victim was a virgin, finding sperm in the victim either in the vagina, vagina or in her clothes, pregnancy as a result of sexual intercourse, infection with venereal diseases from the accused if he was sick with it . The penalties for rape are as follows:- First: The penalty for rape in its simple form: If the crime of rape is not accompanied by an aggravating circumstance, the penalty shall be life imprisonment or aggravated imprisonment, without prejudice to the judge’s authority to reduce the penalty based on Article 17 of the Penal Code. Second: The penalty for rape in its aggravated form: The penalty for the crime of rape is aggravated if it is accompanied by one of the aggravating circumstances stipulated in the law. These circumstances are achieved either because of the presence of a certain quality in the offender or because of the influence he has over the victim, so he abuses it, such as if he is one of her guardians, or one of her ascendants, or was a servant to her.

A special power of attorney for the sale of the apartment is made, and its data is clearly written in the power of attorney

This educational mandate is so that you can apply to your son at school or transfer him from one school to another. If his father’s circumstances allow him to study in a private school, you apply to him and oblige the father to pay the tuition fees.

If there is an estate that no one owns, they shall have an obligatory will within the limits of one third of the estate.